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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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B
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Bond
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INFOTEXT
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1992-09-03
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925b
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23 lines
In chemistry, the result of the forces of
attraction which hold together atoms of an
element or elements to form a molecule. The
type of bond formed depends on the elements
concerned and their electronic structure. In
an ionic or electrovalent bond, common among
inorganic compounds, the combining atoms gain
or lose electrons to become ions; for
example, sodium (Na) loses an electron to
form a sodium ion (Na^+) while chlorine (Cl)
gains an electron to form a chloride ion
(Cl^-) in the ionic bond of sodium chloride
(NaCl). In a covalent bond, the atomic
orbitals of two atoms overlap to form a
molecular orbital containing two electrons,
which are thus effectively shared between the
two atoms. Covalent bonds are common in
organic compounds, such as the four
carbon-hydrogen bonds in methane (CH4^). In a
dative covalent or coordinate bond, one of
the combining atoms supplies both of the
valence electrons in the bond.